In the Name of Allah, Most Gracious, Most Merciful.
INTRODUCTION
According to the second set of compulsory duty, which every Muslim is required, is that the drunken form in Ramadan fast. Sawm means the word that "quickly" is contained in the Koran and Hadith; So a horse that is starved to move to Sa'im or eat, said. With regard to Sawm technical means fasting or abstinence from food, drink and sex from sunrise to sunset
Fasting as an institution to cleanse the soul is common to all divine religions. The author of the article in "fast" Encyclopadia Britannica notes that "it would be difficult to call any religious system of any kind is completely unknown." This institution was founded between Jews and Christians.
Hadith records have ample evidence that fasting was a common religious practice among the Arabs before Islam and used to fast on the tenth day of Muharram as it was on that day that God saved Moses and Pharaoh in his claws companion sea With his army drown. Arabs and other people were also familiar with fasting as an act of penance or reconciliation or a rite of preparation before every act of sacramental reception or initiation ceremony or grief.
In Islam, fasting is primarily an institution for spiritual discipline and self-control. In fact, it is a religious, even homosexuals and the resignation devotion, for a certain time, all desires of the flesh itself lawfully (of course illegal berth). The Koran says:
0 you who believe! Presented by the doctor, fasting is considered the prescribed before them. Then you can perhaps take notice of God (II, 183).
The whole creation of God, the man, goes out of his way. We find that two things are primarily responsible for this: the love of material goods and the temptations of the flesh. Through the institutions of the Zakat and Sadaqat, Islam swept through the heart of his disciples on the love of wealth, instilling in them the habit disassembly for the love of God.
Fasting is prescribed for the Muslims as a religious duty, his desire to control and keep your appetite in, so that man can not be your slave and lose control of himself. The Koran clearly says that man can not attain salvation when we learn to brake their passions car. "And what he feareth before his Lord, and Chorus' passions, Paradise is in any case the house" (LXXIX 40-41).
Practice, the things that strengthen other legal means in the normal course of life, at the request of Allah, the man of morality and self-control, and deepen the consciousness of the Lord. What distinguishes fasting in Islam from other religions?
Also remember that fasting does not penalize people or sadding intolerable strains that are not shown. The underlying idea is that moderation and spiritual discipline are not taught to be too uncontrollable man and wild temptations that violate the order of the mayor. To be a true servant of Allah, it is important that the man should their behavior be able to adapt to the moral and spiritual discipline embodied in the Shari'ah of Islam. You can not achieve this goal if we are defenseless against wild desires and without restrictions. Fasting is essential for moral and spiritual formation.
Another peculiarity of Islamic fasting is that it makes a person complete, but renunication for perfect obedience and joyous in the Lord all the things we had ordered as it allows fast forward, for example, eating, drinking and sex too Have because it is the fast adequate finish. This shows that Islam does not look down on the appetite for meat as unworthy and therefore able to be the root of the human soul. According to Islam, nothing is profane or no basis in human personality, the soul and the body are sacred and deserve respect. No aspect should be ignored and not a complete brake pulse. What we need is to keep all these impulses and within their own limits so that none of them goes beyond natural boundaries and become the source of the problem.
Fasting is an institution for moral elevation can be judged by the fact that God should not only look to eat, drink and sex from sunrise to sunset, but also called his servants who do not miss the other actions than blasphemy ( Saw) said: If you are lying and other actions do not stop, since they do not, God does not need us to stop food and drink position (Sahih Bukhari).
The social aspect of Ramadan's fasting is that the whole atmosphere is permeated with piety and devotion to God. There is an additional collective Tarawih prayers recited at night the Koran and Muslim, who was in Ramadan, revealed the Koran said. The sadaqqt also occurs with more zeal and fervor of this month. Therefore, the entire Muslim society, inspired by the love of God. Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah said, "When Ramadan begins, the gates of heaven are opened, the gates of hell are closed, and the devils are chained (Bukhari and Muslim).
Muhammad Asad, while the spiritual and moral significance of the clarifying said: "Without doubt, learned to stand up and drink in the body, feels like moodiness and hungry.Therefore, anchors of human responsibility, the responsibility social religious postulates another goal of Ramadan Fasting is self-discipline, an aspect of individual morality strong in all the teachings of Islam (for example, a complete ban on all dangerous products, which emphasizes Islam so easily) from the consciousness and responsibility. "These two elements of the brotherhood of men and women The individual self-discipline -I began to recognize the outline of NHE's ethics of the surveillance of Islam "(Road to Mecca, London, 1954, p. 188).
Chapter 1: EXCELLENCE Ramadan
Book 6, 2361 Edition:
Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah said, "When Ramadan comes, the gates of grace are opened and the gates of hell are closed, and the devils are chained,
Book June 2362 Edition:
This hadith was told by Abu Hurayrah (with a minor change of words) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said. "When (month) Ramadan begins"
Chapter 2: To begin the fasting in Ramadan by the sight of the new moon and end with the vision NewMoon, when the weather is cloudy at the beginning or end, then fill 30 days
Book 6, 2363 Edition:
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said in connection with Ramadan: It is late to see the new moon, and until you see not broken quickly; But when the weather cloudy assessment of it.
Book June 2364 Edition:
Ibn Umar reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said a mention of Ramadan and made with a movement of his hand: the month is so and so. (Since the thumb is removed in the third quarter). Then he said, almost when you see him, and when I see an attack, and when time is meager (Sha'ban and Shawwal month) 30 days.
Book Release date: June 2365 Edition:
This hadith was reported on the authority of the "Ubaidullah with the same chain of transmitters, and said: If (heaven) be calculated clearly to you, then 30 days time (during Ramadan).
Book June 2366 Edition:
"Ubaidullah said the authority of the same Funknetz that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made a mention of Ramadan and said: The month of 29 days can exist and be in this mode, then, and (most) that Calculation, but he did not say, and a half.
Book 6, 2367 Edition:
Ibn'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with homework) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The month of 29 days of Ramadan. So do not fast until they (the new moon) vision and do not break quickly up (the new moon of Shawwal) identified, and when the sky is clear, then calculate.
Book of June 2368 Edition:
Abdullah b. Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The month (Ramadan) 29 days there, so when a new moon look to see when the moon begins Shawwal) To see, then break it, and if the sky is clear, then calculate (30 days in total).
Book of June 2369 Edition:
Abdullah b. Umar (may Allah be pleased with them) Measenger (peace be upon him) said: If you see the new moon quickly, and when you see (again), then break and when the sky is clear then calculated.
Book Release date:
Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said. "The month twenty-nine nights, so it is not fast until (new moon) and break out until they are clairvoyant, the sky, unless, of course, and if so, then the calculation.
Book of June 2371 Edition:
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The month is so and so and so (ie, shows his fingers three times), and his thumb was included in a third time display It can be even 20 days).
Book 6, 2372 Edition:
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The month is 29 days.
Book 6, 2373 Edition:
Abdullah b. 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The mouth (Ramadan) is so and so and so. In other words, ten, 19 years.
Book 6, 2374 Edition:
Ibn Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The month is, and so, so, and he waved his hand twice with all his fingers. But in the third round, the right thumb or left thumb (give an idea of twenty) bent.
Book of June 2375 Edition:
Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The month (Ramadan) twenty stop. 9 days and Shu'ba (one of the narrators) gave a practical demonstration as the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him) declared his hands three times to bend his thumb in the third inning. Uqba (one of the narrators of this chain of stations) said: I believe he said that the month has 30 days and develops his hand three times.
Book 6, 2376 Edition:
Ibn 'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: We are a people without education who can not write or reckon. The month is so and so. Flexion of the thumb when the third time. This hadith was reported on the authority of Aswad b. Qais with the same chain of stations, but not mentioned here in the other months (consisting of) 30 days.
Book June 2377 Edition:
Sad B.'Ubaida reported Ibn'Umar (may Allah be pleased with him) heard a person say tonight at midnight (one month). He said, "How do you know it is midnight (one month) because I hear the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him): the month is so and so (and he showed ten times with his ten fingers) third Fingers, but folded or retired inches)?
Book June 2378 Edition:
Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: When the sight of the new moon (Ramadan) is quickly observed. And when you see it (the New Moon of Shawwal) pause, and when the sky is clear to you, go so fast for thirty days.
Book of June 2379 Edition:
Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah said: Notice fast on the test, it (the new moon) and break tests (fast), it (the new moon), but when the sky is clear to you, .
Book of June 2380 Edition:
Abu Hurairah reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Watch fast on the test (new moon) and break the screen. But if (because of the cloud) the actual position of the month is hidden, then you have thirty (days).
Book of June 2381 Edition:
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) made a mention of the new moon (in this sense), said quickly when you see it (new moon) and pause when see (the New moon of Shawwal), but so hidden (the current position of the month), which (due to a disability), start 30 days.
Chapter 3: Not a day or two before Ramadan
Book 6, 2382 Edition:
Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Do not use the fast for a day or two before Ramadan except a person accustomed to see special fasting; You can fast on this day.
Book 35, number 2383:
This hadith was reported to the authority of Yahya b. Abi Kathir with the same chain of stations.
Chapter 4: MI can exist in 29 days
Book Release date: June 2384 Edition:
Zuhri (again), the Prophet of Allah (peace be upon him) said not to go to his wives for a month. Zuhri said that Urwa said that Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her) who said: When twenty nights were over, he was told that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) came to me (that came to me first) . I said, O Messenger of Allah, who had taken an oath that you will not come to us for a month when he reaches the end of 29 days, I think. Then he said: The month also of 29 days.
Book 35, number 2385:
Jabir (may Allah be pleased with her) that the Prophet (peace be upon him), separated from her women for a month. (He, his wife :) He came to us in the twenty-ninth day, with what we said is twenty-nine (today). Then he said: the months In relation to (and explain), her hands waved three times, but a finger at the last corner.
Book 35, number 2386:
Abu Zubair reported that Jabir belongs to b. Abdullah (may Allah be pleased with him) said: The Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), separated from their wives for a month. (He, his wife) He came to us on the morning of the twenty-ninth. What some people said: On the morning of the twenty-nine (according to our calculations). To this the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: The month. It can also consist of 29 days. The Prophet (peace be upon him), then beat the wings three times, twice with all fingers at once (to indicate twenty) and the third time with nine (fingers).
Book 35, number 2387:
Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him), swore he would not go to some of his wives for the whole month. When he died twenty-odd days, he (the Prophet) was morning or afternoon to them. That is, O Messenger of Allah, the oath would not come for a month, according to what he said: The month also lasted 29 days.
Book 35, number 2388:
A hadith as reported on the authority of Ibn Juraij with the same transmitter chain.
Book 35, number 2389:
Sad b. Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), clapped his hands and (then with the gesture with both hands) said: The month is like (twice). Then he drew (a) the fingers in the third inning.
Book 35, 2390 Number:
Muhammad b. Saad speaks to the authority of his father (b Saad Abi Waqqas (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Tho month is so and so and so, ten, report Abu Khalid with the same station chain .
Chapter 5: It is an observation of the moon for every city; The observation is in a city after another invalid city a considerable distance from the computer
Book of June 2391 Edition:
Koraib reports that Umm Fadl, daughter of Harith, who sent him (Fadl, namely his son) to Muawiya in Syria. I (Fadl) came to Syria and took care of them. He was there in Syria, that the month of Ramadan began. I saw New Moon (Ramadan) on Friday. Then I returned to Medina too late. Abdullah b. 'Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) asked me (about the new moon of Ramadan) and said, When did you see? Said. Friday night saw. Said (DID) is what you see -I mean? Yes, and people have seen and watched fast and Mu'awiya also quickly to see where he said: But we saw that Saturday night. Therefore, we would like to go too quickly, such as thirty (duration) or (the new moon of Shawwal). Sightidg said the moon of Muawiya is not for you? He said no; Here is how the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) has commanded us. Yahya b. Yahya was in doubt Naktafi or Taktafi (when the word used in the narrative of Koraib).
Chapter 6: Enter the same as the new moon is high (that is after thirty nights) or small (STATEMENT IN THE NIGHT THREE); And God has given adequate OBSERVATION, and when the heavens are covered and (FAST) thirty must be finished
Book of June 2392 Edition:
Abul-related Bakhtari: We decided to take Umra and when we camped in the valley of Nakhla try to see the new moon. Some people said it was three nights, and other (IT) was two nights. Then we met Ibn 'Abbas and told him that we had seen the new moon, but some people said it was three nights, and others that were the age of two nights. He wondered about the night we had seen; And when we told him that we had seen on this or that night, he said that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: Allah has been moved so far, so the number of the night was found.
Book 35, number 2393:
Abul-Bakhtari reports: We have seen the new moon of Ramadan we were in Dhit-i-IRQ. We sent a man to Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them) (if the observation of a small moon was like the kind of disorder). This "Ibn Abbas (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah said: Allah moved his sight, but when the new moon is hidden, then enter your number (thirty).
Chapter 7: Months "NO ID is incomplete
Book 6, 2394 Edition:
The son of Abu Bakra reported that the authority of his father that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The following identification, Ramadan and Dhul Hijjah (not complete) two months.
Book 35, number 2395:
'Abd ar-Rahman b. Abu Bakra reported the authority of Abu Bakra that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said: ID months is not exhaustive. And in the hadiths, Khalid (words) says, "The month of Ramadan is Dhul Hijjah and Id"
Chapter 8: The time of fasting begins with twilight
Book of June 2396 Edition:
"Hatim (may Allaah be pleased with him) said that when this verse was revealed," Until the white band of the rising twilight differs from the black series. "(OG) O Messenger of Allah, truly two channels under the Head pillows are kept the head, a white and a black, through which I distinguish night till dawn from the dawn of dawn Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said the pillow great khait because the word implies the darkness of the night and the White of the morning looks ..
Book 35, number 2397:
Sahl b. Saad said that when this verse was revealed: "Eat and drink until the white ribbon differs from the Black Series," a person who may have a white and a black and contain food, "that distinctive power (in the light of dawn dawn ), Then it is clear that Allah, the Majestic and the Great (words) min al-Fajr (dawning dawn) and revealed (Khait the word to the light band refers to the dawn of dawn).
Book 35, number 2398:
Sahl b. Sad (may Allah be pleased with him) said: If this verse was revealed. "Eat and drink until the white strip for you is different from the black series," the person who decides to go over one foot quickly tied a black thread and the other a white thread. And he stopped eating and drinking until you can (distinguish between color) to see. This is what God revealed ed (words): min al-Fajr. And they (the Muslims) came to know that (the word Khait), refers to the day and night.
Book 35, number 2399:
Abdullah b. Masud (may Allah be pleased with him) said that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: Bilal Adhan uttered (the end of the night rises to inform people about the time of Sahri). So eat and drink until you hear the Adhan of Ibn Umm Maktum (given at the end of Sahri and the beginning of fasting).
Book 35, number 2400:
Abdullah b. 'Umar (Allah be pleased with him) said that he was the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), said: Bilal proclaimed in the night Adhan, eat and drink until you hear the Adhan Ibn Umm Maktum.
Book 35, number 2401:
Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them) reported that the Messenger of Allah were two Mu'adhdhins, Bilal and Son of Umm Maktum, who was blind. The Messenger of Allah said: Bilal Adhan at the end of the night FAG (ie Sahri) announces that you eat and drink until the son of Umm Maktum announces that it is Adhan.And (the narrator) Y (time difference) between his adhans () Was no more than he deserved (the minaret) and the other is appropriate (adhan to be announced).
Book 35, number 2402:
A Hadith as this relates to the authority of Aisha (may Allah be pleased with her).
Book 35, number 2403:
A hadith as reported on the two chains of transmitters on the authority of "Ubaidullah.
Book 35, number 2404:
Ibn Masud reported that the Messenger of Allah would say that the Adhan of Bilal should not eat any of you Sahour (last meal before dawn, while Ramadan) for adhan (or call) till (fag end) at night Which means in the middle awakening to prayer, and those who sleep in their surroundings. And he said, in the dawn of dawn not like, as they say (and he raised his hand) up (separate fingers), saying: It is as it is.
Book 35, number 2405:
This hadith Al-Sulaiman Taimi was reported with the same chain of transmitters (but with a slight variation of words) to be (the prophet) said it is not the dawn as has been said; Then finger together and expanded. However, he said it is for (and with the pointing finger of the other hand relaxed and expanded).
Book 35, number 2406:
This hadith has been reported on the authority of Sulaiman Taimi with the same chain of transmitters and, in the end, the first Adhan said in the dream for himself to repent and awaken a (prayer) for them (the food at the beginning of fasting ). Jarir (narrator), said that the Messenger (peace be upon him) did not say, but, as he says veins (true dawn) are horizontal and not vertical (which happens alba).
Book 35, number 2407:
Samura b. Jandub said Muhammad (peace be upon him). Bilal The call can not mislead anyone of you (and can, under the wrong impression, take the word) food before fasting (cockroaches) of these goals (which are represented vertically, twilight twilight is true and false with the quick start When the beams are emitted).
Book 35, number 2408:
Samura b. Jundub reported that the Messenger of Allah said that the Adhan of Bilal do or should not lead the dawn of dawn, since it is not the whiteness of the true dawn of twilight, but the false twilight, that is like a vertical column and you Can eat to spread the white stripes like it.
Book 35, number 2409:
Samura b. Jundub (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The Adhan of Bilal compared to food is not misleading, that at the beginning of fasting or vertical (zero) knows on the horizon (as a hint To the wrong darkness). (Food) food (a) knows it.Hammad and gesture the band explains the horizontal position (light bands).
Book 35, number 2410:
Samura b. Jundub, and said that he had spoken by the Prophet (peace be upon him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him): Neither the call of Bilal or white (fake twilight) is misleading, (true) twilight To the dusk of the morning.
Book 35, number 2411:
A hadith as reported on the authority of Samura b. Jundub.
Chapter 9: Eat AMBASSADOR before the dawn of dawn to highlight the preference, and prefer to move (FAG at the end of the night) and give up speed
Book of June 2412 Edition:
Anas (may Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The food intake just before dawn because it is not a blessing for food at this time.
Book 35, number 2413:
'Amr b. Al-As reported, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: The difference between fasting and man
Book a room just before dawn.
Book 35, number 2414:
Musa b. Ali reports this hadith with the same chain of stations.
Book 35, number 2415:
Zaid b. Thabit (may Allah be pleased with him) said: We are with the Messenger of Allah a meal took before the dawn (peace be upon him). Then we come to prayer. I said how long was it between the two (shares, namely, observation and prayer Sahri)? He said (one recitation period) fifty verses.
Book 35, number 2416:
This hadith was transferred to the authority of Qatada.
Book 35, number 2417:
Sahl b. Sad (may Allah be pleased with him) planted Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said: People continue to accelerate as long as the Iftar thrive.
Book 35, number 2418:
A Hadith like this was transmitted by Sahl b. Sad.
Book 35, number 2419:
Abu Atiyah said: I went to Aisha and Masruq and said the mother of the faithful, there are two persons among the Companions of Muhammad (peace be upon him), among which we speed up the quick pause and prayers, and further delays we pray And rapid observation delays. She said: Which of the two hastening to break the fast and prayers? We said that is Abdullah. Who is the son of Massoud. Then he said: This is like the Messenger of Allah is (peace be upon him). Abu Koraib added: The second was Abu Musa.
Book 35, number 2420:
Abu Atiyah reported: I and Misruq went to Aisha (Allah be pleased with her) and Masruq said: There are two people among the Companions of Muhammad (peace be upon him) or leave, but one of them the sun devotions you find in the Sun accelerated and break the fast delays, and watch a sunset sun fast and prayer to break what he said, he hastily saw sunset prayer and quick attack sun? He said: This is Abdullah. Then he said: This is like the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him).